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Chapter 1: Initial Approach to the Patient: History and Physical Examination
- INTRODUCTION
- THE HEMATOLOGY CONSULTATION
- THE HISTORY
- PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
- REFERENCES
Chapter 2: Examination of Blood and Marrow Cells
- INTRODUCTION
- QUANTITATIVE MEASURES OF CELLS IN THE BLOOD
- MORPHOLOGIC EXAMINATION OF THE BLOOD
- EXAMINATION OF THE MARROW
- MARROW ASPIRATION AND BIOPSY TECHNIQUE
- PREPARATION OF MARROW SPECIMENS FOR STUDY
- MORPHOLOGIC INTERPRETATION OF MARROW PREPARATIONS
- MORPHOLOGIC DIFFERENTIATION OF HEMATOPOIETIC LINEAGES AND OTHER MARROW CELLS
- PRINCIPLES OF FLOW CYTOMETRY INTERPRETATION
- REFERENCES
Chapter 3: Consultative Hematology
- INTRODUCTION
- THE HEMATOLOGY CONSULTANT?S ROLE
- ANEMIA
- LEUKOPENIA OR NEUTROPENIA
- THROMBOCYTOPENIA
- PANCYTOPENIA
- ERYTHROCYTOSIS AND POLYCYTHEMIA
- GRANULOCYTOSIS
- THROMBOCYTOSIS
- IMMATURE GRANULOCYTES OR NUCLEATED RED BLOOD CELLS IN THE BLOOD
- LYMPHADENOPATHY
- SPLENOMEGALY
- HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA: MONOCLONAL OR POLYCLONAL
- PURPURA
- EXAGGERATED BLEEDING: SPONTANEOUS OR TRAUMA RELATED
- PROLONGED PROTHROMBIN OR ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN COAGULATION TIMES
- VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM
- THROMBOPHILIA
- ELEVATED SERUM FERRITIN LEVEL
- OBSTETRICAL ADVERSE EVENTS
- INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CONSULTANTS AND REFERRING PHYSICIANS
Chapter 4: Structure of the Marrow and the Hematopoietic Microenvironment
- INTRODUCTION
- GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
- SITES OF HEMATOPOIESIS
- MARROW STRUCTURE
- CELL ADHESION AND HOMING
- CELLULAR HOMING
- CELLULAR RELEASE
- CELL PROLIFERATION, APOPTOSIS, AND MATURATION
- REFERENCES
Chapter 5: The Organization and Structure of Lymphoid Tissues
- INTRODUCTION
- THE THYMUS
- THE SPLEEN
- LYMPH NODES
- PERIPHERAL LYMPHOID TISSUES
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- REFERENCES
Chapter 6: Hematology of the Fetus and Newborn
- INTRODUCTION
- FETAL HEMATOPOIESIS
- NEONATAL HEMATOPOIESIS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 7: Hematology During Pregnancy
- INTRODUCTION
- BLOOD VOLUME, ERYTHROPOIETIN LEVEL, AND HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION
- ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY
- BLEEDING DISORDERS AND CAUSES OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA
- THROMBOPHILIA
- TREATMENT OF HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES IN PREGNANCY
- ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTHEMIA
- POLYCYTHEMIA VERA
- HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES
- REFERENCES
Chapter 8: Hematology in Older Persons
- INTRODUCTION
- A PRIMER ON AGING
- AGING AND HEMATOPOIESIS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 9: Genetic Principles and Molecular Biology
- INTRODUCTION
- GENETICS AND HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS
- TRANSMISSION OF GENETIC DISEASES
- EPIGENETICS AND GENOMIC IMPRINTING
- LINKAGE ANALYSIS AND GENE IDENTIFICATION
- THE METHODS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- GENE THERAPY
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- REFERENCES
Chapter 10: Genomics and Epigenomics
- INTRODUCTION
- GENOMICS
- EPIGENOMICS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 11: Cytogenetic and Genetic Abnormalities
- INTRODUCTION
- GERMLINE VERSUS SOMATIC MUTATIONS IN HEMATOPOIETIC MALIGNANCIES
- ASSESSMENT OF ACQUIRED CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES
- GENETIC CONSEQUENCES OF GENOMIC REARRANGEMENTS
- METHODS OF CELL PREPARATION
- CHROMOSOME NOMENCLATURE
- SPECIFIC CLONAL DISORDERS
- T-CELL ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA
- REFERENCES
Chapter 12: Application of Big Data and Deep Learning in Hematology
- INTRODUCTION
- SUPERVISED LEARNING METHODS
- NEURAL NETWORKS
- FUTURE PROSPECTS
- CONCLUSIONS
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 13: Metabolism of Hematologic Neoplastic Cells
- INTRODUCTION
- CELL GROWTH AND METABOLISM
- SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION: ONCOGENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSORS, AND METABOLISM
- HEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASMS AND METABOLISM
- CONCLUSIONS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 14: Cell Death
- INTRODUCTION
- THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNATE SENSING AND CELL DEATH
- MECHANISMS OF CELL DEATH
- ADDITIONAL FORMS OF REGULATED CELL DEATH
- THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFLAMMATION AND CELL DEATH
- HETEROGENEITY OF CELLS AND POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES FOR CELLS
- QUESTIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN THE STUDY OF CELL DEATH
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- REFERENCES
Chapter 15: Cell-Cycle Regulation and Hematologic Disorders
- INTRODUCTION
- CYCLINS AND CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES
- PHARMACOLOGIC INHIBITION OF CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES
- CELL-CYCLE CHECKPOINTS
- ONCOGENES
- TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENES
- THE ROLE OF HISTONE DEACETYLASES IN CELL?CYCLE REGULATION
- THE PROTEASOME: THE RECYCLING MACHINERY
- REFERENCES
- FURTHER READING
Chapter 16: Signal Transduction Pathways
- INTRODUCTION
- AN OVERVIEW OF CELL SIGNALING
- TYPES OF RECEPTORS AND THEIR MECHANISMS OF ACTIVATION
- THE DIVERSITY OF DOWNSTREAM SIGNALS
- SIGNALING SPECIFICITY WITHIN EACH RECEPTOR FAMILY
- SIGNALING INSULATION
- EXTINGUISHING SIGNALS
- SIGNAL COORDINATION AND CROSSTALK
- REFERENCES
Chapter 17: Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Progenitors, and Cytokines
- INTRODUCTION
- AN OVERVIEW OF HEMATOPOIESIS
- DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY OF HEMATOPOIESIS
- THE HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL
- THE HEMATOPOIETIC MICROENVIRONMENT
- CONTROVERSIES IN HEMATOPOIESIS
- STEM CELL SURVIVAL, EXPANSION, SELF-RENEWAL, AND DIFFERENTIATION
- HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITORS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 18: The Inflammatory Response
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INFLAMMATION
- ACUTE INFLAMMATION
- RESOLUTION OF INFLAMMATION
- REGULATORS OF THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
- CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND REPAIR
- REFERENCES
Chapter 19: Innate Immunity
- INTRODUCTION
- INNATE IMMUNITY AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY TOGETHER MEDIATE THE FULL IMMUNE RESPOSE
- MICROBE RECOGNITION BY THE TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS
- INTRACELLULAR MICROBE SENSING BY THE NOD-LIKE RECEPTORS
- DETECTION OF INTRACELLULAR RNA BY THE RIG-I-LIKE RECEPTORS
- DETECTION OF INTRACELLULAR DNA BY CYCLIC AMP/GMP SYNTHETASE
- DETECTION OF CARBOHYDRATES BY C-TYPE LECTIN RECEPTORS
- KEY EFFECTOR CYTOKINES IN THE INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE
- THE ACTIVATION OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
- REFERENCES
Chapter 20: The Biology of Innate Lymphoid Cells and Natural Killer Cells
- INTRODUCTION
- INNATE LYMPHOID CELLS
- IDENTIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS
- MECHANISMS OF NATURAL KILLER CELL FUNCTIONS
- PHYSIOLOGIC ROLES OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS
- PATHOLOGIC ALTERATIONS IN NATURAL KILLER CELL NUMBER AND FUNCTION
- NATURAL KILLER CELL THERAPY TO TREAT CANCER
- REFERENCES
Chapter 21: Dendritic Cells and Adaptive Immunity
- INTRODUCTION
- FUNCTIONS OF DENDRITIC CELLS
- DENDRITIC CELL BIOLOGY
- REFERENCES
Chapter 22: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
- INTRODUCTION
- IMMUNE CHECKPOINTS
- BASIC BIOLOGY OF CTLA-4 AND PD-1
- EARLY SUCCESS IN NONHEMATOLOGIC CANCERS
- HEMATOLOGIC CANCERS
- TOXICITY OF IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITION
- OTHER IMMUNE REGULATORY PATHWAYS
- CONCLUSIONS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 23: Immune Cell Therapy: Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY OF ADOPTIVE CELL THERAPY
- CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTORS
- CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR T-CELL MANUFACTURE
- CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR T-CELL THERAPY IN B-CELL NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
- CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR T-CELL THERAPY FOR MULTIPLE MYELOMA
- CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR T-CELL THERAPY FOR HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
- CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR T-CELL THERAPY FOR T-CELL MALIGNANCIES
- CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR T-CELL THERAPY FOR ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
- MECHANISMS OF CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR T-CELL TREATMENT FAILURE
- TOXICITY CAUSED BY CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR T CELLS
- FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR T-CELL THERAPY
- REFERENCES
Chapter 24: Immune Cell Therapy: Dendritic Cell and Natural Killer Cell Therapy
- INTRODUCTION
- DENDRITIC CELL THERAPY
- NATURAL KILLER CELL THERAPY
- REFERENCES
Chapter 25: Vaccine Therapy
- INTRODUCTION
- ADVANTAGES OF CANCER VACCINE THERAPY
- COMPONENTS OF THERAPEUTIC CANCER VACCINES
- CLINICAL TRIAL DESIGN
- FUTURE DIRECTIONS
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 26: Gene Therapy for Hematologic Diseases
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- GENE THERAPY TARGETED CELLS
- GENE TRANSFER TECHNOLOGIES
- CLINICAL APPROACHES TO GENE THERAPY FOR HEMATOLOGIC DISEASES
- GENE THERAPY USING DRUG SELECTION GENES
- REFERENCES
Chapter 27: Regenerative Medicine: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells And Blood Cell Engineering
- INTRODUCTION
- EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS
- INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS
- GENERATION OF HEMATOPOIETIC AND IMMUNE CELLS FROM EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS OR INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS
- ENGINEERING EMBRYONIC OR INDUCED PLURIPOTENTIAL STEM CELLS FOR CLINICAL
- ENGINEERING EMBRYONIC OR INDUCED PLURIPOTENTIAL STEM CELLS FOR CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
- GENE-MODIFIED HSCs FOR BLOOD DISEASES
- REFERENCES
Chapter 28: Pharmacology and Toxicity of Antineoplastic Drugs
- INTRODUCTION
- BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY
- CELL-CYCLE-SPECIFIC AGENTS
- MITOTIC INHIBITORS
- TOPOISOMERASE INHIBITORS
- AGENTS ACTIVE THROUGHOUT THE CELL CYCLE
- AGENTS OF DIVERSE MECHANISMS
- DIFFERENTIATING AGENTS
- EPIGENETIC AGENTS
- SMALL MOLECULES WITH SPECIAL MOLECULAR TARGETS
- THERAPEUTIC MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
- AGENTS PROMOTING OR INHIBITING PROTEIN TRANSPORT OR DEGRADATION: PROTEOSOME INHIBITORS, NUCLEAR EXPORTERS, AND IMMUNOMODULATORY
- IMMUNOMODULATORY DRUGS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 29: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- STEM CELL MODEL OF HEMATOPOIESIS
- TRAFFICKING AND HOMING OF HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS
- SOURCES OF HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS
- CONCEPTS OF CURATIVE THERAPY
- TRANSPLANTATION PREPARATIVE REGIMENS
- EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF CANDIDATES FOR TRANSPLANTATION
- DISEASES TREATED WITH TRANSPLANTATION
- COMPLICATIONS OF HEMATOPOIETIC CELL TRANSPLANTATION
- FUTURE DIRECTIONS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 30: Therapeutic Apheresis: Indications, Efficacy, and Complications
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- THERAPEUTIC PLASMA EXCHANGE
- RED CELL APHERESIS
- THERAPEUTIC LEUKOCYTAPHERESIS
- THERAPEUTIC THROMBOCYTAPHERESIS
- EXTRACORPOREAL PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY (PHOTOPHERESIS)
- REFERENCES
Chapter 31: Treatment of Infections in the Immunocompromised Host
- INTRODUCTION
- RISK FACTORS AND INFECTING ORGANISMS
- RECOGNITION AND DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTION
- TREATMENT AND PREVENTION
- INFECTIONS IN HEMATOPOIETIC CELL TRANSPLANTATION RECIPIENTS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 32: Antithrombotic Therapy
- INTRODUCTION
- VITAMIN K ANTAGONISTS
- HEPARIN
- DANAPAROID
- FONDAPARINUX
- BIVALIRUDIN
- ARGATROBAN
- DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS (DOACs)
- FIBRINOLYTIC THERAPY
- ANTIPLATELET DRUGS
- PROHEMOSTATIC TREATMENT
- REFERENCES
Chapter 33: Structure and Composition of the Erythrocyte
- INTRODUCTION
- ERYTHRON
- REFERENCES
Chapter 34: Erythropoiesis and Red Cell Turnover
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- PHYLOGENY OF RED CELL PRODUCTION
- ONTOGENY OF RED CELL PRODUCTION
- CELLULAR COMPONENTS OF ERYTHROPOIESIS AND ITS REGULATION
- RED CELL LIFESPAN
- REMOVAL OF ERYTHROCYTE ORGANELLES
- miRNAs IN ERYTHROPOIESIS
- MEASUREMENTS OF RED CELL MASS
- MEASUREMENTS OF RED CELL PRODUCTION
- MECHANISMS OF DESTRUCTION
- FATE OF DESTROYED RED CELLS
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- REFERENCES
Chapter 35: Clinical Manifestations and Classification of Erythrocyte Disorders
- INTRODUCTION
- ANEMIA
- ERYTHROCYTOSIS (also known as POLYCYTHEMIA)
- REFERENCES
Chapter 36: Aplastic Anemia: Acquired and Inherited
- INTRODUCTION
- ACQUIRED APLASTIC ANEMIA
- HEREDITARY APLASTIC ANEMIA
- REFERENCES
Chapter 37: Pure Red Cell Aplasia
- INTRODUCTION
- CONSTITUTIONAL PURE RED CELL APLASIA (DIAMOND-BLACKFAN ANEMIA)
- TRANSIENT APLASTIC CRISIS AND TRANSIENT ERYTHROBLASTOPENIA OF CHILDHOOD
- ACQUIRED PURE RED CELL APLASIA
- REFERENCES
Chapter 38: Anemia of Chronic Disease
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY FEATURES
- HYPOFERREMIA AND DECREASED SERUM TRANSFERRIN
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- THERAPY, COURSE, AND PROGNOSIS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 39: Erythropoietic Effects of Endocrine Disorders
- INTRODUCTION
- THYROID DYSFUNCTION
- ADRENAL GLAND DISORDERS
- GONADAL HORMONES
- PITUITARY GLAND DISORDERS
- HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
- REFERENCES
Chapter 40: The Hereditary Dyserythropoietic Anemias
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- CONGENITAL DYSERYTHROPOIETIC ANEMIA, TYPE I
- CONGENITAL DYSERYTHROPOIETIC ANEMIA, TYPE II
- CONGENITAL DYSERYTHROPOIETIC ANEMIA, TYPE III
- OTHER CONGENITAL DYSERYTHROPOIETIC ANEMIAS
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 41: Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY FEATURES
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- THERAPY
- REFERENCES
Chapter 42: Folate, Cobalamin, and Megaloblastic Anemias
- INTRODUCTION
- FOLATE
- COBALAMIN
- MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIAS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 43: Iron Metabolism
- INTRODUCTION
- DISTRIBUTION OF IRON IN THE AVERAGE PERSON
- DIETARY IRON
- IRON ABSORPTION
- REFERENCES
Chapter 44: Iron Deficiency and Overload
- INTRODUCTION
- IRON DEFICIENCY
- IRON STORAGE DISEASE
- REFERENCES
Chapter 45: Anemia Resulting from Other Nutritional Deficiencies
- INTRODUCTION
- VITAMIN-DEFICIENCY ANEMIAS
- TRACE METAL DEFICIENCY
- ANEMIA OF STARVATION
- ANEMIA OF PROTEIN DEFICIENCY (KWASHIORKOR)
- ALCOHOLISM
- REFERENCES
Chapter 46: Anemia Associated with Marrow Infiltration
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY FEATURES
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- THERAPY, COURSE, AND PROGNOSIS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 47: Erythrocyte Membrane Disorders
- INTRODUCTION
- OVERVIEW OF THE ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE
- COMPONENTS OF THE ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE
- MEMBRANE ORGANIZATION
- CELLULAR DEFORMABILITY AND MEMBRANE STABILITY
- MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY
- ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE DISORDERS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 48: Erythrocyte Enzyme Disorders
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY FEATURES
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- THERAPY
- COURSE AND PROGNOSIS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 49: Thalassemia: A Disorder of Globin Synthesis
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITIONS AND HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY AND POPULATION GENETICS
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- MOLECULAR BASIS OF THE THALASSEMIAS
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY FEATURES AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF THE THALASSEMIA SYNDROMES
- THERAPY, COURSE, AND PROGNOSIS
- PROGNOSIS
- NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES
- THALASSEMIA AS A GLOBAL HEALTH PROBLEM
- PREVENTION
- REFERENCES
Chapter 50: Disorders of Hemoglobin Structure: Sickle Cell Anemia and Related Abnormalities
- INTRODUCTION
- THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF NORMAL HEMOGLOBIN
- NOMENCLATURE OF ABNORMAL HEMOGLOBINS
- SICKLE CELL DISEASE
- OTHER ABNORMAL HEMOGLOBINS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 51: Methemoglobinemia and Other Dyshemoglobinemias
- INTRODUCTION
- METHEMOGLOBINEMIA
- SULFHEMOGLOBIN
- LOW-OXYGEN AFFINITY HEMOGLOBINS: A CAUSE OF CYANOSIS
- OTHER DYSHEMOGLOBINS
- NITRIC OXIDE AND NITRIC OXIDE HEMOGLOBINS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 52: Fragmentation Hemolytic Anemia
- INTRODUCTION
- PREECLAMPSIA OR ECLAMPSIA AND HELLP SYNDROME
- HEART VALVE HEMOLYSIS
- OTHER CAUSES OF NONIMMUNE HEMOLYSIS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 53: Erythrocyte Disorders as a Result of Toxic Agents
- INTRODUCTION
- ERYTHROCYTE TOXINS ACTING THROUGH WELL-DEFINED MECHANISMS
- ERYTHROCYTE TOXINS ACTING THROUGH INCOMPLETELY DEFINED MECHANISMS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 54: Hemolytic Anemia Resulting from Infections with Microorganisms
- INTRODUCTION
  - REFERENCES
- MALARIA
- BARTONELLOSIS (OROYA FEVER)
- BABESIOSIS
- SEPTICEMIA
- OTHER INFECTIONS
Chapter 55: Hemolytic Anemia Resulting from Immune Injury
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY FEATURES
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- THERAPY
- COURSE AND PROGNOSIS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 56: Alloimmune Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn
- INTRODUCTION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- CLINICAL FEATURES OF HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE FETUS AND NEWBORN
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- ANTENATAL MONITORING
- THERAPY
- OUTCOME
- PREVENTION
- CONCLUSIONS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 57: Hypersplenism and Hyposplenism
- INTRODUCTION
- HYPERSPLENISM
- HYPOSPLENISM
- REFERENCES
Chapter 58: Primary and Secondary Erythrocytoses/Polycythemias
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY FEATURES
- SECONDARY ERYTHROCYTOSIS
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- ERYTHROCYTOSES OTHER THAN POLYCYTHEMIA VERA
- COURSE AND PROGNOSIS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 59: The Porphyrias
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- ERYTHROPOIETIC PORPHYRIAS
- ACUTE PORPHYRIAS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 60: Polyclonal and Hereditary Sideroblastic Anemias
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FEATURES
- TREATMENT
- REFERENCES
Chapter 61: Structure and Composition of Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils
- INTRODUCTION
- NEUTROPHILS
- NEUTROPHIL DIFFERENTIATION
- NEUTROPHIL GRANULES
- BIOACTIVE FACTORS IN GRANULES
- NEUTROPHIL SUBSETS
- EOSINOPHILS
- LIGHT MICROSCOPY OF EOSINOPHILS IN MARROW AND BLOOD FILMS
- ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY
- METABOLISM OF NEUTROPHILS
- OTHER BIOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF NEUTROPHILS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 62: Classification and Clinical Manifestations of Neutrophil Disorders
- INTRODUCTION
- CLASSIFICATION
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- QUALITATIVE NEUTROPHIL ABNORMALITIES
- REFERENCES
Chapter 63: Neutropenia and Neutrophilia
- INTRODUCTION
- NEUTROPENIA
- NEUTROPHILIA
- REFERENCES
Chapter 64: Disorders of Neutrophil Function
- INTRODUCTION
- NEUTROPHIL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- CLINICAL DISORDERS OF NEUTROPHIL FUNCTION
- DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH SUSPECTED NEUTROPHIL DYSFUNCTION
- REFERENCES
Chapter 65: Eosinophils and Their Disorders
- INTRODUCTION
- EOSINOPHILS AND THEIR BIOLOGY
- EOSINOPHILIA
- EOSINOPHILIC DISORDERS
- CONCLUSION
- REFERENCES
Chapter 66: Basophils and Mast Cells and Their Disorders
- INTRODUCTION
- DISTINGUISHING FEATURES OF BASOPHILS AND MAST CELLS
- DISORDERS AFFECTING MAST CELLS
- DISORDERS OF MAST CELLS: HYPERPLASIA AND NEOPLASIA
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 67: Structure, Receptors, and Functions of Monocytes and Macrophages
- INTRODUCTION
- MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM
- STRUCTURE OF MONOCYTES
- MORPHOLOGY OF MONOCYTE PRECURSORS
- MORPHOLOGY OF MONOCYTES
- HISTOCHEMISTRY OF MONOCYTES
- MORPHOLOGY OF MACROPHAGES
- MONOCYTE/MACROPHAGE RECEPTORS
- MONOCYTE FUNCTION
- CLEARANCE OF APOPTOTIC CELLS
- ENDOCYTOSIS, PHAGOCYTOSIS, AND KILLING
- THE ROLE OF MONOCYTES IN HEMATOPOIETIC FUNCTION AND DISORDERS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 68: Production, Distribution, and Activation of Monocytes and Macrophages
- INTRODUCTION
- METHODS OF MONOCYTE AND MACROPHAGE STUDY
- PRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES
- DISTRIBUTION
- FUNCTION
- ACTIVATION STATE
- REFERENCES
Chapter 69: Classification and Clinical Manifestations of Disorders of Monocytes and Macrophages
- INTRODUCTION
- CLASSIFICATION
- QUALITATIVE DISORDERS OF MONOCYTES OR MACROPHAGES
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF MONOCYTE DISORDERS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 70: Monocytosis and Monocytopenia
- INTRODUCTION
- NORMAL BLOOD MONOCYTE CONCENTRATION
- DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH MONOCYTOSIS
- BLOOD MONOCYTE SUBSET COUNTS IN DISEASE
- MONOCYTE DISTRIBUTION WIDTH
- DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH MONOCYTOPENIA
- BLOOD DENDRITIC CELL COUNTS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 71: Inflammatory and Malignant Histiocytosis
- INTRODUCTION
- CLASSIFICATION OF THE HISTIOCYTOSES
- LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS
- ADULT LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS
- ERDHEIM-CHESTER DISEASE
- JUVENILE XANTHOGRANULOMA
- SINUS HISTIOCYTOSIS WITH MASSIVE LYMPHADENOPATHY (ROSAI-DORFMAN DISEASE)
- MALIGNANT HISTIOCYTIC DISEASES
- HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS
- MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION SYNDROME
- REFERENCES
Chapter 72: Gaucher Disease and Related Lysosomal Storage Diseases
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION OF GLYCOLIPID STORAGE DISEASES
- GAUCHER DISEASE
- NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE
- REFERENCES
Chapter 73: The Structure of Lymphocytes and Plasma Cells
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- MICROSCOPY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF NORMAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES
- MICROSCOPY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF PLASMA CELLS
- ANTIGENS OF HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES
- CYTOPLASMIC STRUCTURES
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 74: Lymphopoiesis
- INTRODUCTION
- LYMPHOPOIESIS DURING PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT
- DIFFERENTIATION PATHWAYS FOR LYMPHOCYTE PRODUCTION
- CHALLENGES IN FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LYMPHOID PROGENITORS
- REGULATION OF LYMPHOPOIESIS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 75: Functions of B Lymphocytes and Plasma Cells in Immunoglobulin Production
- INTRODUCTION
- IMMUNOGLOBULIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- GENETICS OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS
- IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENE REARRANGEMENT AND EXPRESSION DURING B-CELL DEVELOPMENT
- IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE-REGION STRUCTURE
- IMMUNOGLOBULIN ALLOTYPES
- IMMUNOGLOBULIN SYNTHESIS AND SECRETION
- REGULATION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN SYNTHESIS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 76: Functions of T Lymphocytes: T-Cell Receptors for Antigen
- INTRODUCTION
- THE T-CELL RECEPTOR COMPLEX
- CD4 AND CD8
- T-CELL SUBSETS
- T-CELL ACCESSORY MOLECULES
- THE IMMUNOLOGIC SYNAPSE
- REFERENCES
Chapter 77: Classification and Clinical Manifestations of Lymphocyte and Plasma Cell Disorders
- INTRODUCTION
- CLASSIFICATION
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- COMBINED TAND B-CELL DISORDERS
- NATURAL-KILLER CELL DISORDERS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 78: Lymphocytosis and Lymphocytopenia
- INTRODUCTION
- LYMPHOCYTOSIS
- LYMPHOCYTOPENIA
- REFERENCES
Chapter 79: Immunodeficiency Diseases
- INTRODUCTION
- PREDOMINANT ANTIBODY DEFICIENCIES
- SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCIES
- OTHER COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCIES
- DEFECTS OF THYMIC DEVELOPMENT
- PRIMARY IMMUNE REGULATORY DISORDERS
- DNA REPAIR DEFECTS
- CYTOTOXICITY DISORDERS
- PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCIES WITH INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS?INDUCED LYMPHOPROLIFERATION
- IMMUNODEFICIENCIES WITH SELECTIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO PATHOGENS
- GENETICALLY DETERMINED DEFICIENCIES OF THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM
- REFERENCES
Chapter 80: Hematologic Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY AND HIV
- EPIDEMIOLOGY, TRANSMISSION
- PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES AND DISEASE PROGRESSION
- THERAPY
- PREVENTION AND CURE
- HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS?ASSOCIATED MALIGNANCIES
- REFERENCES
Chapter 81: Mononucleosis Syndromes
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS AND CYTOMEGALOVIRUS
- EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS MONONUCLEOSIS
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF MONONUCLEOSIS SYNDROMES
- THERAPY
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- REFERENCES
Chapter 82: Classification and Clinical Manifestations of the Clonal Myeloid Disorders
- INTRODUCTION
- PRECLINICAL OR MINIMAL-DEVIATION CLONAL MYELOID DISEASES
- MODERATE-DEVIATION CLONAL MYELOID DISEASES
- MODERATELY-SEVERE-DEVIATION CLONAL MYELOID DISEASES
- SEVERE-DEVIATION CLONAL MYELOID DISEASES
- VERY-SEVERE-DEVIATION CLONAL MYELOID DISEASES
- TRANSITIONS AMONG CLONAL MYELOID DISEASES
- PHENOTYPE OF MYELOID CLONAL DISEASES AS A RESULT OF THE MATRIX OF DIFFERENTIATION AND MATURATION
- PLURIPOTENTIAL STEM CELL POOL AS SITE OF THE NEOPLASTIC EVENTS
- QUANTITATIVENESS OF CLONAL MYELOID DISEASES
- INTERPLAY OF CLONAL AND POLYCLONAL HEMATOPOIESIS
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 83: Polycythemia Vera
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY FEATURES
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- COURSE AND PROGNOSIS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 84: Essential Thrombocythemia
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY
- PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY FEATURES
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- THERAPY
- COURSE AND PROGNOSIS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 85: Primary Myelofibrosis
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY FEATURES
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- TRANSITIONS TO AND FROM MYELOFIBROSIS AMONG CLONAL HEMOPATHIES
- THERAPY
- COURSE AND PROGNOSIS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 86: Myelodysplastic Syndromes
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION
- HISTORY
- CLASSIFICATION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY FEATURES
- THERAPY-RELATED MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES
- DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES
- TREATMENT OF MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES
- REFERENCES
Chapter 87: Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLASSIFICATION
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY FEATURES
- MORPHOLOGIC VARIANTS OF ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- THERAPY
- COURSE AND PROGNOSIS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 88: Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia and Related Disorders
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- SPECIAL CLINICAL FEATURES
- THERAPY
- COURSE AND PROGNOSIS
- ACCELERATED PHASE AND BLAST CRISIS OF CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA
- RELATED CLONAL MYELOID DISEASES WITHOUT THE BCR REARRANGEMENT
- REFERENCES
Chapter 89: Classification of Malignant Lymphoid Disorders
- INTRODUCTION
- CLASSIFICATION
- CLINICAL BEHAVIOR
- ASSOCIATED CLINICAL SYNDROMES
- SYSTEMIC SYMPTOMS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 90: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- THERAPY
- COURSE AND PROGNOSIS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 91: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION, HISTORY, AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
- CLL BIOLOGY
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
- EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT WITH CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
- TREATMENT OF CLL
- ASSESSMENT OF RESPONSE
- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH UNTREATED DISEASE
- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED DISEASE
- SECONDARY CANCER RISK WITH CLL
- MANAGEMENT OF INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS
- MANAGEMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE COMPLICATIONS OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
- RICHTER TRANSFORMATION
- MONOCLONAL B-CELL LYMPHOCYTOSIS
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES OF CLL
- REFERENCES
Chapter 92: Hairy Cell Leukemia
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY FEATURES
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- THERAPY
- REFERENCES
Chapter 93: Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- HISTOLOGIC AND IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC FEATURES
- CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FEATURES AT PRESENTATION
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- CLINICAL COURSE, THERAPY, AND PROGNOSIS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 94: General Considerations of Lymphomas: Incidence Rates, Etiology, Diagnosis, Staging, and Primary Extranodal Disease
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- CLINICAL ASPECTS
- PRIMARY EXTRANODAL LYMPHOMA
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- REFERENCES
Chapter 95: Pathology of Lymphomas
- INTRODUCTION
- GENERAL ASPECTS OF LYMPHOMA CLASSIFICATION
- PRECURSOR LYMPHOID NEOPLASMS
- MATURE B-CELL NEOPLASMS
- HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
- REFERENCES
Chapter 96: Hodgkin Lymphoma
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION
- CLASSIC HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
- NODULAR LYMPHOCYTE-PREDOMINANT HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
- SURVIVORSHIP
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- REFERENCES
Chapter 97: Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Related Diseases
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY FEATURES
- RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- THERAPY
- COURSE AND PROGNOSIS
- RELATED MATURE B-CELL NEOPLASMS
- LYMPHOMAS IN IMMUNODEFICIENT PATIENTS
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- REFERENCES
Chapter 98: Follicular Lymphoma
- INTRODUCTION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- HISTOPATHOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- NATURAL COURSE OF THE DISEASE
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY FEATURES
- STAGING
- PROGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- REFERENCES
Chapter 99: Mantle Cell Lymphoma
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTOLOGY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES AND RISK FACTORS
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- THERAPY
- COURSE AND PROGNOSIS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 100: Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphomas
- INTRODUCTION
- INTRODUCTION AND CLASSIFICATION
- EXTRANODAL MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMA
- SPLENIC MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMA
- NODAL MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMA
- REFERENCES
Chapter 101: Burkitt Lymphoma
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY FEATURES
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- THERAPY
- COURSE AND PROGNOSIS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 102:� Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome)
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY FINDINGS
- STAGING
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- THERAPY
- PROGNOSIS
- CD30+ LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 103: Mature T-Cell and Natural Killer Cell Lymphomas
- INTRODUCTION
- OVERVIEW OF MATURE T-CELL LYMPHOMAS
- PERIPHERAL T-CELL LYMPHOMA, NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
- ANGIOIMMUNOBLASTIC T-CELL LYMPHOMA
- ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA
- ENTEROPATHY-ASSOCIATED T-CELL LYMPHOMA
- ADULT T-CELL LEUKEMIA/LYMPHOMA
- HEPATOSPLENIC T-CELL LYMPHOMA
- EXTRANODAL NATURAL KILLER/T-CELL LYMPHOMA
- REFERENCES
Chapter 104: Plasma Cell Neoplasms: General Considerations
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- NORMAL B-CELL DEVELOPMENT
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- GENETIC ABNORMALITIES IN PLASMA CELL NEOPLASMS
- TECHNIQUES TO ASSESS CYTOGENETIC INFORMATION
- THE MARROW MICROENVIRONMENT
- MYELOMA BONE DISEASE
- MYELOMA STEM CELLS
- DIAGNOSIS OF PLASMA CELL NEOPLASM
- REFERENCES
Chapter 105: Essential Monoclonal Gammopathy
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY FEATURES
- COURSE, PROGNOSIS, AND THERAPY
- REFERENCES
Chapter 106: Myeloma
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FEATURES
- INITIAL EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT WITH MYELOMA
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- THERAPY
- COURSE AND PROGNOSIS
- SPECIAL DISEASE MANIFESTATIONS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 107: Immunoglobulin Light Chain Amyloidosis
- INTRODUCTION
- PATHOGENESIS
- DIAGNOSIS
- AMYLOID SYNDROMES
- TREATMENT
- REFERENCES
Chapter 108: Macroglobulinemia
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY FINDINGS
- TREATMENT
- COURSE AND PROGNOSIS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 109: Heavy-Chain Disease
- INTRODUCTION
- HEAVY-CHAIN DISEASE DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY FEATURES
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- THERAPY
- COURSE AND PROGNOSIS
- HEAVY-CHAIN DISEASE DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY FEATURES
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- THERAPY
- COURSE AND PROGNOSIS
- HEAVY-CHAIN DISEASE DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY FEATURES
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- THERAPY
- COURSE AND PROGNOSIS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 110: Megakaryopoiesis and Thrombopoiesis
- INTRODUCTION
- KINETICS OF THROMBOPOIESIS
- CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY OF THROMBOPOIESIS
- EXTRINSIC REGULATION OF MEGAKARYOCYTE PRODUCTION
- THERAPEUTIC MANIPULATION OF THROMBOPOIESIS BY NATURALLY OCCURRING CYTOKINES
- REFERENCES
Chapter 111: Platelet Morphology, Biochemistry, and Function
- INTRODUCTION
- OVERVIEW OF PLATELET ADHESION, AGGREGATION, AND PLATELET THROMBUS FORMATION
- PLATELET MORPHOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
- PLATELET ENERGY METABOLISM
- PLATELET SHAPE CHANGE, SPREADING, CONTRACTION, AND CLOT RETRACTION
- PLATELET SECRETORY MACHINERY AND SECRETION
- PLATELET GENOMICS, THE PLATELET TRANSCRIPTOME, AND PLATELET PROTEOMICS
- PLATELET GENE EXPRESSION
- PLATELET COAGULANT ACTIVITY
- PLATELETS AND THROMBOLYSIS
- PLATELETS IN INFLAMMATION AND INFECTION
- PLATELETS IN VESSEL INTEGRITY AND DEVELOPMENT
- PLATELET MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS
- SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN PLATELETS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 112: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry of the Coagulation Factors and Pathways of Hemostasis
- INTRODUCTION
- MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE COAGULATION FACTORS
- PROTHROMBIN (FACTOR II)
- THE PROCOAGULANT COFACTORS V AND VIII
- THE SOLUBLE COFACTORS PROTEIN S AND VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR
- FACTOR XI AND THE CONTACT SYSTEM
- THE CONTACT SYSTEM: FACTOR XII, PREKALLIKREIN, AND HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT KININOGEN
- THE CELL-ASSOCIATED COFACTORS TF, THROMBOMODULIN, AND ENDOTHELIAL PROTEIN C RECEPTOR
- THE FIBRIN NETWORK: FIBRIN(OGEN), FACTOR XIII, AND THROMBIN-ACTIVATABLE FIBRINOLYSIS INHIBITOR
- INHIBITORS OF COAGULATION: ANTITHROMBIN, TF PATHWAY INHIBITOR, AND PROTEIN Z/PROTEIN Z?DEPENDENT PROTEASE INHIBITOR
- REFERENCES
Chapter 113: Control of Coagulation Reactions
- INTRODUCTION
- PHYSIOLOGIC ANTICOAGULANT PATHWAYS
- HEREDITARY DEFICIENCIES ASSOCIATED WITH THROMBOTIC DISEASE
- PROTEIN C PATHWAY COMPONENTS
- ACTIVATION OF PROTEIN C
- ACTIVATED PROTEIN C ACTIVITIES
- INHIBITION OF COAGULATION PROTEASES BY PROTEASE INHIBITORS
- OTHER PROTEASE INHIBITORS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 114: Vascular Function in Hemostasis
- INTRODUCTION
- VASCULAR FUNCTION IN HEMOSTASIS: INTRODUCTION
- VASCULAR FIBRINOLYSIS
- FIBRINOLYTIC ASSEMBLY AND VASCULAR DISEASE
- MOLECULAR CHANGES IN AN INFLAMMATORY MILIEU
- REFERENCES
Chapter 115: Classification, Clinical Manifestations, and Evaluation of Disorders of Hemostasis
- INTRODUCTION
- CLASSIFICATION OF HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS
- BLEEDING HISTORY
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
- EVALUATION BASED ON BLEEDING HISTORY, PHYSICAL EXAMINATION, AND BASIC LABORATORY TESTS
- PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT OF HEMOSTASIS
- SPECIFIC ASSAYS FOR ESTABLISHING THE DIAGNOSIS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 116: Thrombocytopenia
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- PSEUDO (SPURIOUS) THROMBOCYTOPENIA
- INHERITED PLATELET DISORDERS
- NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES AND ALCOHOL-INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA
- ACQUIRED PURE AMEGAKARYOCYTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIA
- THROMBOCYTOPENIA DURING PREGNANCY
- NEONATAL ALLOIMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIA
- ABNORMAL PLATELET DISTRIBUTION OR POOLING
- THROMBOCYTOPENIA ASSOCIATED WITH MASSIVE TRANSFUSION
- THROMBOCYTOPENIA RESULTING FROM HYPOTHERMIA
- THROMBOCYTOPENIA RESULTING FROM PLATELET TRAPPING: KASABACH-MERRITT SYNDROME
- CYCLIC THROMBOCYTOPENIA
- DRUG-INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- REFERENCES
Chapter 117: Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- CLINICAL SCORING SYSTEMS
- LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
- REFERENCES
Chapter 118: Hereditary and Reactive Thrombocytosis
- INTRODUCTION
- NORMAL THROMBOPOIESIS
- ENHANCED THROMBOPOIESIS IN PATHOLOGIC STATES
- CLINICAL FEATURES OF REACTIVE THROMBOCYTOSIS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 119: Inherited Platelet Disorders
- INTRODUCTION
- PATHOGENESIS
- PATHOLOGY
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY FEATURES AND DIAGNOSIS
- THERAPY
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 120: Acquired Qualitative Platelet Disorders
- INTRODUCTION
- DRUGS THAT AFFECT PLATELET FUNCTION
- HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH ABNORMAL PLATELET FUNCTION
- SYSTEMIC DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH ABNORMAL PLATELET FUNCTION
- REFERENCES
Chapter 121: The Vascular Purpuras
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH
- PALPABLE NONINFLAMMATORY PURPURIC LESIONS
- PALPABLE AND NONPALPABLE INFLAMMATORY PURPURIC LESIONS
- NONPALPABLE, NONINFLAMMATORY, ROUND PURPURIC LESIONS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 122: Hemophilia A and Hemophilia B
- INTRODUCTION
- HEMOPHILIA A (CLASSIC HEMOPHILIA, FACTOR VIII DEFICIENCY)
- HEMOPHILIA B (FACTOR IX DEFICIENCY, CHRISTMAS FACTOR DEFICIENCY)
- REFERENCES
Chapter 123: Inherited Deficiencies of Coagulation Factors II, V, V+VIII, VII, X, XI, and XIII
- INTRODUCTION
- CLASSIFICATION
- LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- WOMEN WITH RARE BLEEDING DISORDERS
- PROTHROMBIN DEFICIENCY
- FACTOR V DEFICIENCY
- COMBINED DEFICIENCY OF FACTORS V AND VIII
- FACTOR VII DEFICIENCY
- FACTOR X DEFICIENCY
- FACTOR XI DEFICIENCY
- FACTOR XIII DEFICIENCY
- ACQUIRED DEFICIENCIES
- REFERENCES
Chapter 124: Hereditary Fibrinogen Abnormalities
- INTRODUCTION
- STRUCTURE AND SYNTHESIS
- FIBRINOGEN CONVERSION TO FIBRIN AND NETWORK ASSEMBLY
- CROSSLINKING BY FACTOR XIII
- FIBRINOLYSIS
- ANTITHROMBIN ACTIVITY OF FIBRIN
- AFIBRINOGENEMIA AND HYPOFIBRINOGENEMIA
- DYSFIBRINOGENEMIA AND HYPODYSFIBRINOGENEMIA
- WOMEN?S HEALTH
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 125: von Willebrand Disease
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY FEATURES
- PRENATAL AND NEONATAL TESTING
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- THERAPY, COURSE, AND PROGNOSIS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 126: Antibody-Mediated Coagulation Factor Deficiencies
- INTRODUCTION
- ACQUIRED HEMOPHILIA A
- ACQUIRED ANTIBODIES TO OTHER COAGULATION FACTORS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 127: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- PATHOLOGY
- PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY FEATURES AND DIAGNOSIS
- SPECIFIC UNDERLYING DISORDERS
- THERAPY
- REFERENCES
Chapter 128: Thrombotic Microangiopathies
- INTRODUCTION
- THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA
- CONGENITAL THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA
- TOXIN
- ASSOCIATED HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME
- ATYPICAL HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME
- SECONDARY THROMBOTIC MICROANGIOPATHY
- REFERENCES
Chapter 129: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
- INTRODUCTION
- TOXIN?PRODUCING
- ASSOCIATED HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME
- ATYPICAL HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME
- SECONDARY THROMBOTIC MICROANGIOPATHY
- DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION
- INFECTIONS
- TISSUE TRANSPLANTS
- CANCER
- PREGNANCY-ASSOCIATED THROMBOTIC MICROANGIOPATHY
- AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS
- DRUG-INDUCED THROMBOTIC MICROANGIOPATHY
- COBALAMIN METABOLIC DEFECTS
- MALIGNANT HYPERTENSION
- MECHANICAL HEMOLYSIS
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 130: Hemostatic Alterations in Liver Diseases and Liver Transplantation
- INTRODUCTION
- HEMOSTATIC ALTERATIONS IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE
- A REBALANCED HEMOSTATIC SYSTEM IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE
- HEMOSTATIC ALTERATIONS IN ACUTE LIVER FAILURE
- HEMOSTATIC ALTERATIONS DURING LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
- CLINICAL PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER DISEASE
- REFERENCES
Chapter 131: Hereditary Thrombophilia
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY, CLASSIFICATION, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, AND PREVALENCE OF THROMBOPHILIA
- HEREDITARY THROMBOPHILIA AND THE RISK OF DISEASE
- CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THROMBOPHILIA INCLUDING TESTING
- CONCLUSIONS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 132: The Antiphospholipid Syndrome
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY TESTING
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT FOR ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME
- REFERENCES
Chapter 133: Venous Thrombosis
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION, EPIDEMIOLOGY, AND PREVENTION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- PREVENTION
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY FEATURES
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS
- OBJECTIVE TESTING FOR DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY EMBOLISM
- OBJECTIVE TESTING FOR PULMONARY EMBOLISM
- THERAPY, COURSE, AND PROGNOSIS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 134: Atherothrombosis: Disease Initiation, Progression, and Treatment
- INTRODUCTION
- ATHEROSCLEROSIS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 135: Fibrinolysis and Thrombolysis
- INTRODUCTION
- BASIC CONCEPTS OF FIBRINOLYSIS
- COMPONENTS OF THE FIBRINOLYTIC SYSTEM
- THE FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIONS OF PLASMIN
- THE NONFIBRINOLYTIC ACTIONS OF PLASMIN
- DISORDERS OF PLASMIN GENERATION
- FIBRINOLYTIC THERAPY
- ANTIFIBRINOLYTIC THERAPY
- ANTIFIBRINOLYTIC AGENTS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 136: Erythrocyte Antigens and Antibodies
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITIONS AND HISTORY
- BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS
- GENERAL IMMUNOLOGY OF BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS
- ANTIGEN EXPRESSION
- BIOCHEMISTRY OF ERYTHROCYTE ANTIGENS
- EFFECT OF ENZYMES AND OTHER CHEMICALS ON ERYTHROCYTE ANTIGENS
- GENETICS OF ERYTHROCYTE ANTIGENS
- RED CELL ANTIGENS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
- ASSOCIATIONS OF RED CELL ANTIGENS WITH DISEASE
- ERYTHROCYTE ANTIBODIES
- CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ERYTHROCYTE ANTIBODIES
- SEROLOGIC DETECTION OF ERYTHROCYTE ANTIGENS AND ANTIBODIES
- REFERENCES
Chapter 137: Human Leukocyte and Platelet Antigens
- INTRODUCTION
- HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGENS (MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX)
- NEUTROPHIL ANTIGENS AND ANTIBODIES
- HUMAN PLATELET ANTIGENS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 138: Blood Procurement and Red Cell Transfusion
- INTRODUCTION
- OVERVIEW OF THE BLOOD SUPPLY SYSTEM IN THE UNITED STATES
- INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES
- PROCUREMENT OF PLASMA DERIVATIVES
- RECRUITMENT OF BLOOD DONORS
- WHOLE BLOOD DONOR SCREENING
- WHOLE-BLOOD DONOR SCREENING
- COLLECTION OF WHOLE BLOOD
- BLOOD COMPONENTS
- SPECIAL BLOOD DONATIONS
- COLLECTION AND PRODUCTION OF BLOOD COMPONENTS BY APHERESIS
- SELECTION OF APHERESIS DONORS
- REACTIONS IN APHERESIS DONORS
- LABORATORY TESTING OF DONATED BLOOD
- SAFETY OF THE BLOOD SUPPLY
- RED CELL TRANSFUSIONS
- HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES
- HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANT
- SOLID-ORGAN TRANSPLANT
- ADVERSE EFFECTS OF TRANSFUSIONS
- POTENTIAL EFFECT OF AGE OF RED CELLS ON TRANSFUSION OUTCOME
- PATIENT BLOOD MANAGEMENT
- REFERENCES
Chapter 139: Preservation and Clinical use of Platelets
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL PLATELET TRANSFUSION THERAPY
- PLATELET PRODUCTS AVAILABLE FOR TRANSFUSION
- MODIFICATIONS TO TRANSFUSED PLATELETS
- FUTURE ADVANCES IN PLATELET PRODUCTS FOR TRANSFUSION
- REFERENCES
Chapter 140: Using Plasma and Plasma Component Therapy
- INTRODUCTION
- PLASMA/FRESH FROZEN PLASMA
- CRYOPRECIPITATE
- PURIFIED FIBRINOGEN CONCENTRATES
- FUTURE
- REFERENCES